Using ?Hf° to Find Enthalpy Changes Standard Enthalpy of Formation is defined as “The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions” We can use e...
Hess's Law using Equations We can use Hess’s Law to solve unknown enthalpy changes by combining equations This requires a methodical step-by-step approach It is necessary to identify how the given ...
Modulus Functions - Solving Equations Modulus graphs and equations Two non-parallel straight-line graphs would intersect?once If?modulus?involved there?could?be?more?than one intersection De...
Hess's Law using Cycles There are two common methods to solving Hess's Law problems, using cycles and using equations To be successful in using cycles you need to follow carefully a step-by-step pl...
Hess's Law In 1840, the Russian chemist Germain Hess formulated a law which went on to be known as?Hess’s Law This went on to form the basis of one of the laws of thermodynamics. The first law of t...
Calorimetry Experiments There are two types of calorimetry experiments you need to know for IB Chemistry: Enthalpy?changes of?reactions in solution Enthalpy?changes of?combustion In both cases you ...
Modulus Functions - Sketching Graphs Modulus functions The?modulus?function makes?any?‘input’?positive |x| = x? ?if x ≥ 0? ?|f(x)| = f(x)? ?if f(x) ≥ 0 |x| = -x if x < 0? ?|f(x)| = -f(x)?...
Calorimetry Measuring enthalpy changes Calorimetry?is a technique used to measure changes in enthalpy of chemical reactions A?calorimeter?can be made up of a?polystyrene drinking cup, a?vacuum flas...
Standard Enthalpy Change Standard conditions To compare the changes in enthalpy between reactions, all thermodynamic measurements are made under?standard?conditions These?standard conditions?are: A...
Temperature & Kinetic Energy What is the difference between heat and temperature? This can be illustrated using a beaker of boiling water and a pipette: The effects of boiling water can be quit...
Alloys Alloys are?mixtures of metals, where the metals are mixed together physically but are not chemically combined They can also be made from metals mixed with nonmetals such as carbon Ions of th...
Inverse Functions What is an inverse function? An?inverse?function?is the?opposite?to the original function An inverse function is denoted by The?inverse?of a function only exists if the fun...
